ADHD paralysis

Difficulty starting, finishing, or maintaining tasks arises from overwhelming anxiety.

Feeling Stuck? Here’s How To Overcome ADHD Paralysis. Cleveland Clinic. https://health.clevelandclinic.org/adhd-paralysis

Adreniline

neurotransmitter and hormone that plays a role in flight-or-fight response

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/22611-epinephrine-adrenaline

Automatic Attention (Bottom-up)

A type of attention associated with the brain's default-mode and is spontaneously triggered without conscious effort

Manos MJ, Short EJ. A new paradigm for adult ADHD: A focused strategy to monitor treatment. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. 2023;90(7):413-421. doi:https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.90a.22080

Autonomy

Self-determination, the process of making one's own decisions

Moore M, Jackson E, Tschannen-Moran B, Wellcoaches Corporation. Coaching Psychology Manual. Wolters Kluwer; 2016.

Body Scan

A mindfulness practice that involves focusing on individual body ranges to develop awareness of sensations

Body Scan Meditation: Benefits and How to Do It. Healthline. Published March 26, 2020. https://www.healthline.com/health/body-scan-meditation#:~:text=The%20body%20scan%20is%20a

Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)

Crucial compound responsible for facilitating adaptive alterations associated with the processes of acquiring knowledge and storing memories

Miranda M, Morici JF, Zanoni MB, Bekinschtein P. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor: A Key Molecule for Memory in the Healthy and the Pathological Brain. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience. 2019;13(363). doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2019.00363 ‌

Breathwork

Breathing techniques to promote mindfulness and relaxation

Contributors WE. What Is Breathwork? WebMD. Published June 28, 2021. https://www.webmd.com/balance/what-is-breathwork

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

structured psychotherapeutic approach that focuses on identifying and modifying dysfunctional thoughts, emotions, and behaviors to alleviate psychological distress and promote personal growth.

‌‌​​‌‌Cognitive Therapy for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. nyulangone.org. https://nyulangone.org/conditions/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder/treatments/cognitive-therapy-for-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder

Cognitive Load

How much of our working memory is being used

Mind Tools. Cognitive Load Theory. www.mindtools.com. Published 2022. https://www.mindtools.com/aqxwcpa/cognitive-load-theory‌

Cognitive Restructuring

Cognitive restructuring is the process of actively challenging and reframing unhelpful or negative thoughts to promote healthier and more adaptive thinking patterns

Shurick AA, Hamilton JR, Harris LT, Roy AK, Gross JJ, Phelps EA. Durable effects of cognitive restructuring on conditioned fear. Emotion. 2012;12(6):1393-1397. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029143

Cortisol

Steroid hormone that regulates your body's response to stress

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/22187-cortisol

Directed Attention (Top-down)

Attention that operates inside of the brain's executive network and requires effort to concentrate

Manos MJ, Short EJ. A new paradigm for adult ADHD: A focused strategy to monitor treatment. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. 2023;90(7):413-421. doi:https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.90a.22080

Dopamine

A neurotransmitter (or chemical messenger) that plays a part in learning, attention, motivation, and how we feel pleasure.

Cristol H. What Is Dopamine? WebMD. Published June 14, 2021. https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/what-is-dopamine

Emotion Regulation

An individual's capacity to adeptly handle and react to emotional experience

Rolston A, Lloyd-Richardson E. What Is Included? https://selfinjury.bctr.cornell.edu/perch/resources/what-is-emotion-regulationsinfo-brief.pdf ‌

Fixed Mindset

A conviction that traits or abilities remain relatively fixed and unchangeable

‌Burnette JL, Babij AD, Oddo LE, Knouse LE. Self-Regulation Mindsets: Relationship to Coping, Executive Functioning, and ADHD. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. 2020;39(2):101-116. doi:https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2020.39.02.101

Glimmers

Tiny spark of joy, made possible by a calm and quiet spirit

Jelenjev L. KNOW YOUR GLIMMERS. NE Academy. Published March 26, 2023. https://www.neurodiversityeducationacademy.org/post/know-your-glimmers

Growth Mindset

A the belief that, through effort and persistence, you can achieve your goals

Morin A. Growth Mindset: How to Develop Growth Mindset. www.understood.org. Published 2023. https://www.understood.org/en/articles/growth-mindset‌

Mindfulness

Holding non-judgemental awareness of experiences

Stahl B, Goldstein E. A Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Workbook. New Harbinger Publications; 2019

Motivational Interviewing

A form of evidence-based communication, is primarily employed to enhance motivation for behavioral changes.

Souders B. 17 Motivational Interviewing Questions and Skills. PositivePsychology.com. Published November 5, 2019. https://positivepsychology.com/motivational-interviewing/

Neurotransmitter

Naturally occurring substances within the body that facilitate communication between neurons across the entire nervous system.

Sheffler ZM, Reddy V, Pillarisetty LS. Physiology, Neurotransmitters. PubMed. Published 2020. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539894/#:~:text=Neurotransmitters%20are%20endogenous%20chemicals%20that

Planning Fallacy

underestimating how long a task will take to complete

Willingham DT. Outsmart Your Brain : Why Learning Is Hard and How You Can Make It Easy. Gallery Books; 2022.

Pomodoro Method

Time management system that utilized 25 minute work sprints with 5 minute breaks to optimize productivity

Time Management Course - Pomodoro® Technique. www.pomodorotechnique.com. https://www.pomodorotechnique.com/

Prospective memory

Forming and intention to take action in the future and then remembering to take the action when it is time

Willingham DT. Outsmart Your Brain : Why Learning Is Hard and How You Can Make It Easy. Gallery Books; 2022.

Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy involves addressing mental health concerns through verbal communication with a psychologist, psychiatrist, or another mental health professional.

Mayo Clinic. Psychotherapy - Mayo Clinic. Mayoclinic.org. Published March 17, 2016. https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/psychotherapy/about/pac-20384616 ‌

Serotonin

Serotonin, a neurotransmitter, facilitates communication between nerve cells in the brain and throughout the body, influencing various functions including mood regulation.

Cleveland Clinic. Serotonin. Cleveland Clinic. Published March 18, 2022. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/22572-serotonin

Sleep Hygiene

Strategies to optimize your environment and behaviors to optimise healthy sleep

Suni E. What is Sleep Hygiene? Sleep Foundation. Published August 14, 2020. https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-hygiene

Stimulus

Something that triggers a physical change or a change in behavior

Stimulus: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. medlineplus.gov. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002309.htm

Stimulus Control

Stimulus control is when an organism acts differently depending on whether a particular thing is present or not.

Jacobs GD. Say Good Night to Insomnia. Henry Holt; 2009.

Stress Response

The stress response is a physiological reaction triggered by perceived threats or challenges, involving the release of hormones like cortisol and adrenaline to prepare the body for action.

https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/understanding-the-stress-response

Time Blindness

An unawareness or misinterpretation of time as it passes

Why Time Flies When You're Having Fun. Cleveland Clinic. https://health.clevelandclinic.org/time-blindness

Vagal nerve

The primary nerves of your parasympathetic nervous system transmit signals connecting your brain, heart, and digestive system.

Cleveland Clinic. Vagus Nerve: Gastroparesis, Vagus Nerve Stimulation & Syncope. Cleveland Clinic. Published January 11, 2022. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/22279-vagus-nerve

Working Memory

The brain's ability to temporarily store and manipulate information while engaged in complex mental tasks

Otto MW, Eastman A, Lo S, et al. Anxiety sensitivity and working memory capacity: Risk factors and targets for health behavior promotion. Clinical Psychology Review. 2016;49:67-78. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.07.003

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